The design of an efficient Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG) with good randomness properties is an important research topic because it is a core component in many applications. Based on an extensive study of most PRNGs in the past few decades, this paper categorizes six distinct design scenarios under two primary groups: non-chaotic and chaotic generators. The non-chaotic group comprises Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSR) with S-Boxes, primitive roots, and elliptic curves, whereas the chaotic group encompasses discrete, continuous, and fractional-order chaotic generators. This paper

In the last decade, Elliptic Curves (ECs) have shown their efficacy as a safe fundamental component in encryption systems, mainly when used in Pseudorandom Number Generator (PRNG) design. This paper proposes a framework for designing EC-based PRNG and maps recent PRNG design techniques into the framework, classifying them as iterative and non-iterative. Furthermore, a PRNG is designed based on the framework and verified using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) statistical test suite. The PRNG is then utilized in an image encryption system where statistical measures

Coupled line microstrip filter is regarded to be a strong contender for high frequency and wireless applications, due to its compact size, inexpensive cost, and simple engineering manufacturing. The stochastic study of the proposed microstrip filter, based on the Monte Carlo Model, presented in this paper explores the uncertainties in the microstrip filter's design parameters and their influence on the filter's functionality. The filter's microstrip thickness, lengths, and spacing are all considered as design factors. The analysis investigates the variation of the standard deviations, the mean

Energy harvesting materials and systems have become a popular study topic that is rapidly expanding. The harvesters will be used for a variety of applications, including distributed wireless sensor nodes for structural health monitoring, embedded and implanted sensor nodes for medical applications, recharging large system batteries, monitoring pressure in automobiles, powering unmanned vehicles, and running security systems in domestic settings. Components and devices at micro-macro sizes, spanning materials, electronics, and integration, have recently been developed. Energy harvesting has

Shortest Path Algorithms are an important set of algorithms in today's world. It has many applications like Traffic Consultation, Route Finding, and Network Design. It is essential for these applications to be fast and efficient as they mostly require real-Time execution. Sequential execution of shortest path algorithms for large graphs with many nodes is time-consuming. On the other hand, parallel execution can make these applications faster. In this paper, three popular shortest path algorithms-Dijkstra, Bellman-Ford, and Floyd Warshall-Are both implemented as serial and parallel programs

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology is considered one of the important technologies at present, which is believed to solve many problems in the future, such as delivering small-weighted goods, agriculture, and civil fields. This research paper presents the mathematical model of a quadcopter that was developed as an example of an unmanned aerial vehicle. The MATLAB and Simulink environment create the model simulation and controller design. The present study proposes a cost-effective and easily deployable control system with a comparison that shows the difference between the controller made

The joint application of wireless backhaul networks and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) hold the potential to fulfill the increasing demands of fifth-generation (5G) communication networks and beyond. It is usual in wireless backhaul networks to take assistance from small cell base stations acting as intermediate relays to reach the remote destination. This cooperative communication is an acknowledged technique to combat multi-path fading, improve energy efficiency, and enhance the reliability and capacity of wireless networks. This article studies the application of relay selection (RS)

Deep learning has become increasingly important in various fields, such as robotics, image processing, and speech recognition. However, the high computational requirements of deep learning models make it challenging to deploy them on edge & embedded devices with constrained power and area budgets. This paper proposes a novel low-power technique for implementing deep learning models on edge devices called LP-MAC (Low Power Multiply Accumulate). LP-MAC is designed for fixed-point format operations and takes advantage of reusing the input vector for MAC operations. It provides a new hardware

Due to a wide range of applications in the biomedical industry, the need for flexible and wearable sensors is growing every day. A pressure sensor generates a signal based on the applied pressure. Sensors have become an integral component of our daily lives, from personal gadgets to industrial machinery. The identification of the low signal from the body necessitates the use of particularly sensitive sensors. The development of a pressure sensor that can transform the maximum input signal into an electrical output is critical. In this paper, zig-zag piezoresistors on a square diaphragm were

In this work, an ultrathin subwavelength metasurface based on a cross-junction-inspired unit cell that exhibits efficient wideband polarization rotation is presented. This structure manipulates the polarization of the incident electromagnetic radiation in the transmission band. The proposed metasurface converts the incident linearly polarized waves into the orthogonal polarization over a fractional bandwidth of 9.6% with a maximum insertion loss of 0.65 dB. The detailed analysis of the structure's inherent resonances and their origins are also presented with special emphasis on the intrinsic